Virgil Quotations With English Translations

Publius Vergilius Maro (October 15, 70 BCE - September 21, 19 BCE) was the leading poet of the Augustan era. His Aeneid glorified Rome and especially the ancestry of the first Roman emperor, Augustus (Octavian). The influence of Virgil (Vergil) on subsequent writers has been immense. He is responsible for sayings or the sentiments behind sayings that we still use, like Beware of Greeks bearing gifts, from Book II of the Aeneid. All Virgil quotations listed here include a reference to their original location, the Latin that Virgil wrote, and either an old, almost archaic translation from the public domain (mainly for the longer passages) or my own translation. [Lat., Experto credite.]Believe in the one who knows from experience. (Trust the expert.)- The Aeneid (XI.283)[Lat., Non ignara mali, miseris succurrere disco]Not being ignorant of bad things, I learn to help the wretched.- The Aeneid (I.630)[Lat., Superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est.]Every fortune is to be conquered by bearing (it).- The Aeneid (V. 710)[Lat., Quisque suos patimur manes.]We each allow our own ghosts. (We make our own destiny.)- The Aeneid (VI.743)[Lat., Disce, puer, virtutem ex me, verumque laborem; Fortunam ex aliis.]Boy, learn virtue from me, and true work; luck from others.- The Aeneid (XII, 435)[Lat., Saevit amor ferri et scelerata insania belli.]Love of iron (weapon) rages; also the criminal madness of war.- The Aeneid (VII.461)[Lat., Nescia mens hominum fati sortisque futurae,Et servare modum, rebus sublata secundis.]O heart of man,/ not knowing doom, nor of events to be!/ Nor, being lifted up, to keep thy bounds/ in prosperous days!- The Aeneid (X.501)[Lat., S tat sua cuique dies; breve et irreparabile tempusOmnibus est vitae; set famam extendere factisHoc virtutis opus.]To each his day is given. Beyond recall/ mans little time runs by: but to prolong/ lifes glory by great deeds is virtues power.- The Aeneid (X.467)[Lat., Aegrescitque medendo.]He grows increasingly ill with the remedy. (The medicine is making him sick.)- The Aeneid (XII.46)[Lat., O formose puer, nimium ne crede colori;]Oh! Beautiful boy, dont put too much faith on (your) complexion. (Perhaps, beauty fades.)- Eclogae (II.17) *The real version, Nunc scio, quid sit Amor, comes from Virgils Eclogues VIII.43. Not all misquotes are so easy to untangle.

The Life of Andrew Carnegie Free Essays

A man of Scotland, a distinguished citizen of the United States, and a philanthropist devoted to the betterment of the world around him, Andrew Carnegie became famous at the turn of the twentieth century and became a real life rags to riches story. Born in Dunfermline, Scotland, on November 25, 1835, Andrew Carnegie entered the world in poverty. The son of a hand weaver, Carnegie received his only formal education during the short time between his birth and his move to the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on The Life of Andrew Carnegie or any similar topic only for you Order Now When steam machinery for weaving came into use, Carnegie†s father sold his looms and household goods, sailing to America with his wife and two sons. At this time, Andrew was twelve, and his brother, Thomas, was five. Arriving into New York on August 14, 1848, aboard the Wiscasset from Glasgow, the Carnegies wasted little time settling in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Pittsburgh, where relatives already existed and were there to provide help. Allegheny City provided Carnegie†s first job, as a bobbin boy in a cotton factory, working for $1. 20 a week. His father also worked there while his mother bound shoes at home, making a miniscule amount of money. Although the Carnegies lacked in money, they abounded in ideals and training for their children. At age 15, Carnegie became a telegraph messenger boy in Pittsburgh. He learned to send and decipher telegraphic messages and became a telegraph operator at the age of 17. Carnegie†s next job was as a railroad clerk, working for the Pennsylvania Railroad. He worked his way up the ladder, through his dedication and honest desire to succeed, to become train dispatcher and then division manager. At this time, young Carnegie, age 24, had already made some small investments that laid the foundations of his what would be tremendous fortune. One of these investments was the purchase of stock in the Woodruff Sleeping Car Company. In 1864, Carnegie entered the iron business, but did not begin to make steel until years later. In 1873, he built the Edgar Thomson works in Braddock, Pennsylvania, to make Bessemer steel. He established many other steel plants, and in 1892, he merged all of his interests into the Carnegie Steel Company. This act from Carnegie is fitting with one of his most famous quotations, â€Å"Put all of your eggs in one basket, and then watch that basket. † This firm became one of the greatest industrial enterprises in America. Carnegie later sold it to J. P. Morgan†s United States Steel Corporation in 1901 for $400 million, which would be a little over $4 billion today! After retiring, Carnegie†s fortune was estimated to be as large as half a billion dollars. From that time on, with the philosophy that the rich have a moral obligation to give away their money, he devoted himself to philanthropy. Although ironic, this man of great fortune strongly believed in the merits of poverty for the development of character and work ethic, and determined that wealthy men should not leave their fortunes to their children, but should give it away, claiming â€Å"The man who dies thus rich, dies disgraced. † The picture of community service, Carnegie is quoted as saying, â€Å"Pittsburgh entered the core of my heart when I was a boy, and cannot be torn out. I can never be one hair†s breadth less loyal to her, or less anxious to help her in any way, than I have been since I could help anything. My treasure is still with you, and how best to serve Pittsburgh is the question which occurs to me almost every day of my life. † Colonel James Anderson, who Carnegie believes to be his childhood benefactor, established a public library in his hometown of Allegheny City. This library was the first opportunity for Carnegie to take advantage of free information, and he developed a vast interest for knowledge, checking out at least one book a week, and developing himself as a young boy. With Colonel Anderson†s generous contribution to his society molding Carnegie†s childhood, and his beliefs on how large fortunes can be used for the betterment of society, it becomes obvious that Carnegie would focus particularly on promoting education, establishing 2,811 free libraries in all. Of these, 1,946 were located in the United States with at least one in every state except Rhode Island. Also, 660 were founded in Britain and Ireland, 156 in Canada, and a handful of libraries were also scattered in New Zealand, the West Indies, and even Fiji. Caregie†s contributions gave existence to his dream of establishing chances of self-education in a time when public libraries were scarce. Not only did he give large amounts of money to libraries, but also to other philanthropic organizations, establishing some of his own. The Carnegie Corporation of New York was established for â€Å"the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and understanding. † The $135 million donated by Carnegie was used in grants to colleges, universities, and other educational institutions. Money also went to organizations that conduct basic research and experimental programs dealing with education and public affairs. The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace was founded to promote international peace and understanding, conducting programs of research, discussion, publication, and education in the international affairs and United States foreign policy. Currently the program focuses on issues such as arms control, international law, and relations between the United States and foreign countries. It publishes the quarterly journal, Foreign Policy, and has offices in New York City and Washington, D. C. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching promotes the dignity in the teaching profession and the cause of higher education. Chartered by Carnegie in 1905 with $15 million, the foundation established the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association in 1918, and currently provides retirement pensions for teachers of colleges, technical schools, and universities in the United States and Canada. Their studies have had much influence on American higher education. Also benefiting from Carnegie†s charity include various Carnegie museums of history, science, and art, Carnegie Hall in New York, and other public spirited organizations. Before 1919, when Carnegie died, he had given away $350,695,653, and at his death, the last $30 million was likewise given away to foundations, charities, and pensioners. He left a mark on society not only through his enormous monetary provisions, but also with his own literature. Carnegie loved to promote his ideas and opinions in print, and has written many works outlining these philosophies, including Triumphant Democracy (1886), The Gospel of Wealth (1900), The Empire of Business (1902), Problems of Today (1908), and an Autobiography (1920) (Mitzen 182). Although Carnegie only stood somewhere between 5†³2†³ and 5†³6†³, he â€Å"had to be a great, tough, disciplined giant of a man. † His commitment to others is not only seen through his many munificent works, but in the way he lived, including his tombstone in the Sleepy Hollow Cemetery of North Tarrytown, New York, where the epitaph reads, â€Å"Here lies a man who was able to surround himself with men far cleverer than himself. â€Å" How to cite The Life of Andrew Carnegie, Papers

Nursing Case Study Comprehensive Nursing Care for Parkinsons Disease

Question: Discuss about theNursing Case Studyfor Comprehensive Nursing Care for Parkinson's Disease. Answer: Introduction Parkinson's disease is the disease of clinical diagnosis in which diagnosis mainly performed based on the observations by clinician. However, there is no definitive diagnostic test available for Parkinson's disease. Initial symptoms of Mrs. Downs include depression, stopped posture, fatigue, problem in walking, tremors and difficulty in arm swing. However, exhibition and progression of these symptoms varies from patient to patient. In such scenario, it would be difficult to make conclusive diagnosis. These symptoms appearing in the intimal stage of the disease and these are subtle, also these symptoms can be attributed to other conditions. In the age of Mrs. Downs these symptoms can be considered as age related conditions. Patients with Parkinson's disease are often expressionless and these patients are mistaken for depression. Long term consumption of Sinemet leads to dyskinesia, which is difficulty in movement. It reflects in Mrs. Downs through slow movement. Phenothiazine exaggera tes symptoms of Parkinson's disease, also it interferes with the action of dopamine. In case of Mrs. Downs, she is taking Sinemet which is a combination of levodopa and carbidopa. Sinemet acts through dopaminergic pathway. In past studies, it is evident that phenothiazine interferes with dopaminergic pathway. Hence, in case of Mrs. Downs phenothiazine interferes with action of Sinemet and there was less cure for the symptoms of Parkinson's disease in Mrs. Downs (Mocko et al., 2010; Pahwa Lyons, 2013)). In patients with Parkinson's disease there is the occurrence of the depression, lack of interest in doing things, anhedonia and anxiety. These patients exhibits lack of enjoyment in the activities which are enjoyable like watching movies, playing, music and sexual activities. Parkinson's disease patients are always worried about something which is irrelevant most of the time. Due to Parkinson's disease, family members of the patient also get affected. Family members feel burdened and stressed due the patient. Family members of the patient should assist in the daily activities of the patient. Patients with Parkinson's disease feel isolated form The society. This social isolation may also further exaggerate depressive behavior in the patient. Social isolation also leads to less movement in the patients. This less movement in patients with Parkinson's disease exaggerates other symptoms. Patients with Parkinson's disease are associated with cognitive problem and communication problem. Th ese things also lead to the isolation from the society (Rosenbaum, 2006). Proper diagnosis of the Parkinsons disease is very important. Because symptoms of the Parkinsons disease interfere with common symptoms of other diseases. Nurse should observe very closely patient, evaluate patients physical and psychological behavior and conclude on the diagnosis. By observing depression nurse should not make diagnosis as solely depression. Nurse should correlate different symptoms observed in the patient and make proper conclusion. Nurse should also consult experts from other fields like psychology experts and physiotherapist for making conclusive diagnosis. Nurse should refer to the previous case studies with the similar type of symptoms for making accurate diagnosis. Nurse should plan for the proper treatment for Parkinsons disease patient. Parkinsons disease treatment is mainly medication dependent. Nurse should select dose of the drug very carefully and dose should be in narrow range. Nurse should administer patient with dopaminergic drugs because these are the most effective drugs available for the treatment of Parkinsons treatment. If these drugs administered in less quantity, it would not produce desired effect. On the other hand, if these drugs administered in more quantity, it would produce physical and psychological disturbances like mental disturbance, disturbance in the sleep pattern and stiffness and rigidity. Nurse should also take into account administration of other drugs concomitantly along with dopaminergic drugs because vitamin B complex and phenothiazine affects action of dopaminergic drugs (Bunting-Perry Vernon, 2007). Palliative care should be provided to Mrs. Downs because she is suffering through Parkinsons disease. This disease is multifactorial disease and in this disease there is the physical and psychological disturbance in the patient. These conditions lead to the emotional, social and behavioral impact on the patient and family members of the patient. Palliative care is the multidisciplinary approach of managing chronic illness in elderly patients. Palliative care provides relief from symptoms, painful condition, physical and mental stress irrespective of the diagnosis. In case of Parkinsons disease also diagnosis is difficult and hence implementation of therapeutic strategy is difficult. In such scenario palliative care would be the optimum therapeutic approach for Mrs. Downs. Moreover, curative management of the Parkinsons disease is not available, hence management of Parkinsons disease remains pallitative. Due to Parkinsons disease, Mrs. Downs became disabled and dependent. Physical dis abilities in Mrs. Downs lead to the exaggeration of cognitive impairment and depression (Bunting-Perry Vernon, 2007). Stem cells are regenerating type of tissues, which can be converted into different type of tissues in the body. These newly formed tissues have the potential to maintain and repair tissues responsible for the disease conditions. This would prominently affect the development of the Parkinsons disease. Parkinsons disease is the neurodegenerative disease in which there is deficiency of dopamine. Currently available medications for the treatment of Parkinsons disease are dopamine agonist. These medications are helpful in the improvement in the early symptoms. However, long term use of the medications lead to the loss of dopaminergic neurons and after certain period of treatment these drugs become ineffective in Parkinsons disease patients. Treatment with stem cells proved useful in the improvement in Parkinsons disease symptoms and increase in dopamine level in the brain. Intracranial administration of stem cells in patients with Parkinsons disease provide neurotropic support and replace s dying dopaminergic neurons of the Parkinsons disease patient. Moreover, this stem cell therapy doesnt cause adverse effects like dyskinesia. Stem cell can release different chemical mediators like cytokines which can be useful in the differentiation of stem cells into the dopamine releasing neurons. Treatment with stem cells is proved to be beneficial in patients with Parkinsons disease. Parkinsons disease can be treated with stem cell transplantation. These stem cells are already in the phase 3 clinical trials. It reflects these stem cells exhibited effectiveness in both preclinical and clinical Parkinsons disease. Also, these stem cells exhibited safety profile in different toxicology models (Ambasudhan et al., 2016). Patients taking levodopa should not consume vitamin B complex concomitantly because vitamin B complex contains vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 potentiates transformation of levodopa to dopamine. Levodopa is the precursor of the neurotransmitter dopamine. This potentiating effect of vitamin B6 on levodopa may lessen effect of levodopa in patients with Parkinsons disease. Also, vitamin B6 stops the absorption of levodopa and it reduces its effect in Parkinsons disease. Mrs. Downs can take vitamin B complex along with levodopa however, its dose should be optimized. Vitamin B6 dose should not interfere with effectiveness of levodopa in Mrs. Downs. It has been well established that different doses vitamin B complex along with Sinemet exhibited different effects in Parkinsons disease (Prasad, 2016). References: Ambasudhan, R., Dolatabadi, N., Nutter, A., Masliah, E., Mckercher, S.R., Lipton SA. (2014). Potential for cell therapy in Parkinson's disease using genetically programmed human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 522(12), 2845-56. Bunting-Perry, L. K., Vernon, G. M. (2007). Comprehensive Nursing Care for Parkinson's Disease. Springer Publishing Company Mocko, J.B., Kern, A., Moosmann, B., Behl, C., Hajieva, P. (2010). Phenothiazines interfere with dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans models of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiology of Disease, 40(1), 120-9. Pahwa, R., Lyons, K. E. (2013). Handbook of Parkinson's Disease. CRC Press. Prasad, K. N., (2016). Fight Parkinson's and Huntington's with Vitamins and Antioxidants. Inner Traditions Bear Co. Rosenbaum, R. B. (2006). Understanding Parkinson's Disease: A Personal and Professional View. Greenwood Publishing Group.

Child obesity in the US and Saudi Arabia

Table of Contents Causes of obesity among children How child obesity affect children’s social life Prevention of obesity in children Reference List Previous studies on child obesity have revealed serious prevalence of overweight as well as obesity among children in both countries. National Health and Nutrition Examination 2007-2008 data indicates that 16.9% of children in the US aged 2-19 years suffer from obesity. The data also shows that there was an increase of 6.5%-19.6% among children aged 6-11 years and an increase of 5.0%-18.1% of children aged 12-19 years during the same period (Carroll, Curtin, Flegal, Lamb, Ogden 2010, 243).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Child obesity in the US and Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The data revealed significant sex and racial disparities of obesity in children with a greater percentage of non-Hispanic blacks more likely to suffer from obesity. On the other hand, a research done by International Obesity Task Force in the period of 1990-2007 showed that children in Saudi Arabia have had an average obesity prevalence of 6.7% among boys and 6.0% among girls aged 1-18 years (Aziz, Jalali-Farahani, Mirmiran, Sherafat-Kazemzadeh 2010, 247). Survey results of the National Center for Health Statistics done in 2000, showed that child obesity in Saudi Arabia averages at about 15.8% for the same age. It is estimated that about 14% of children in Saudi Arabia who are below age 6 are obese (Madani 2000, 1). The child obesity data among all the age groups in the US show that there has been a year-on-year increases in the rates of prevalence (Barnes 2011). The data presented shows a higher prevalence in the US than in Saudi Arabia. There were particular high increases in 1999-2000 and 2003-2004 in the US showing significant and sudden changes in lifestyle. Both countries experience higher levels of prevalence on boys than girls . The trends in both countries are highly associated with socioeconomic status. However, as opposed to the US where children of lower socio-economic and urban classes seem to be more likely to be affected, children of high socioeconomic status in Saudi Arabia are the most vulnerable to child obesity. Data that was collected from medical and healthcare institutions also showed that child obesity prevalence is higher among US children than the Saudi Arabian children. It revealed that about 15-17% of children aged 6-11 years and 12-19 years in the US suffered from obesity while about 10.7% of children aged 5-18 years in Saudi Arabia suffered from the same. The survey data revealed that about 18% of children in the US are obese with higher prevalence among boys. On the other hand, the same survey data revealed that Saudi Arabian children had a prevalence rate of about 11.8%. The boys were more likely to be affected by obesity as compared to girls. This implies that there is a high child obesity prevalence rate especially among the children in the US. Besides, the data showed that obesity rate does not decrease with increase in age.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Causes of obesity among children Statistics show that obesity in children in the US is more prevalent among low-income children especially those aged 2-4 years with about 5%-20% of this group being affected. Previous studies also indicate that most of child obesity is the result of caloric imbalance as children tend to eat foods containing more than 1000 calories. Besides, these children live in environments which do not encourage physical activity. This means that calories are not burnt off. Childhood inactivity is highly associated with obesity. Preschool study carried out in 2009 showed that 89% of preschoolers in the US lead a sedentary lifestyle ((Dietz Stern 1999, 23). Childhood obesi ty results from an interaction between genetic and other factors. 80% of children born from both obese parents are also more likely to be obese as compared to 10% of children born from non-obese parents (Kopelman 2005, 82). Psychological problems such as low self-esteem can influence eating habits of those affected. Early introduction of solid food to infants is the major cause of obesity among children below the age of five years. According to Ferry (2011) children are also introduced to high-fat snacks as well as sugary junk food which results to high calories consumption. In addition, most children especially those in urban towns are not trained to develop healthy exercise habits. They spend much time watching television or playing video games. According to (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011), just a third of school going children in the US get daily physical education. Low socioeconomic status could lead to poor nutrition as most families tend to eat high calorie foods to cater for their high activity level. Genetic factors could also cause obesity although the chances are very minimal unless the child eats more food. The survey carried out showed that poor nutrition causes about 34% of the child obesity. 38% of children reported less consumption of vegetables and fruits. Low socioeconomic status highly contributed to poor nutrition among obese children. It also showed that children who watch television or play video games for more than four hours a day are 22% more likely to suffer from obesity. When asked about how often they did exercise, most children responded negatively. However, about 36% said they suffered from obesity because their parents were also obese. How child obesity affect children’s social life Previous studies have discovered that obesity is highly associated with low self-esteem. Decreased self-esteem causes sadness in about 19% of children suffering from obesity. Low self-esteem also causes 21% of them to feel ner vous (Strauss 2000, 15). Low self-esteem makes children less confident and therefore they are not able to interact with their peers. They are therefore condemned to loneliness. Feelings of depression could make a child to overeat (Goodman Whitaker 2002, 498).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Child obesity in the US and Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Childhood obesity causes several social problems to the affected children. Obesity could lead to psychosocial problems such as low self-esteem as well as reduced social networking (Gardner 2009). Such children may also suffer from depression due to discrimination and harassment from their peers and family members (Ferry 2011). This could possible cause loneliness in children who are obese. They are therefore likely to develop poor social skills. About 8.2% of obese adolescents said they were feeling depressed. 31% said that they were teased by their peers while 19% said that they were accepted by their peers. Majority of the children said that they suffered from loneliness. It is assumed that they are not able to do most physical activities. This has led to low self-esteem among obese children. Between 24% and 38% said that they suffered from low self-esteem. Prevention of obesity in children Exclusive breast-feeding of newborn infants is highly recommended for nutritional benefits (Dietz Stern 1999, 12). It is likely to help protect the child against obesity that could occur in later life. Major priority should be given to teaching children and parents about nutrition and healthy diet. Children should also be provided with healthy food choices. They should be provided with snacks that contain low sodium, fat as well as sugar content (Shield Mullen 2002, 123). Children should also be taught on the need to maintain a health activity level. Sedentary lifestyle should be discouraged and television viewing time should be l imited. Physical education in schools should also be enhanced. Reference List Aziz, F., Jalali-Farahani, S., Mirmiran, p., Sherafat-Kazemzadeh, R., 2010, Childhood obesity in the Middle East: A review. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 16(9). Nasr City, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean: World Health Organization. Barnes, J., 2011, Childhood obesity: Statistics and trends. Web. Carroll, M., D., Curtin, L., R., Flegal, K., M., Lamb, M., M., Ogden, C., L., 2010, Prevalence of high body mass index in U.S: children and adolescents, 2007- 2008. JAMA 303(3):242-9. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011, Overweight and obesity. Web. Dietz, W., H., Stern, L., 1999,   The official complete home reference guide to your child’s nutrition.   Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics.  pp.12, 23. Ferry, R., J., 2011, Obesity in children. Web. Gardner, T., 2009, The 5 problems caused by childhood obesity. Web. Goodman, E., Whitaker, R., C., 2002,. A prospective study of the role of depression in the development and persistence of adolescent obesity. Pediatrics 110 (3): 497–504. San Diego: US American Psychological Association. Kopelman, P., G., 2005, Clinical obesity in adults and children: In Adults and Children. Blackwell Publishing. P. 82. Madani, K., A., 2000, Obesity in Saudi Arabia. Bahrain Medical Buletin, 22(3): 1-9. Bahrain: Bahrain Medical Association. Shield, J., Mullen, M. C. (2002).   The American Dietetic Association guide to healthy eating for kids: How your children can eat smart from fi ve to twelve.   New York: Wiley. p. 123. Strauss, R., S., 2000, Childhood obesity and self-esteem. Pediatrics 105 (1). San Diego: US American Psychological Association. P. 15. This research paper on Child obesity in the US and Saudi Arabia was written and submitted by user Benjamin Booker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Frdric Bazille essays

Frdric Bazille essays Frdric Bazille was born in 1841 to a rich middle-class Protestant family of wine producers near Montpellier, France. In 1859 he began to study medicine in Montpellier and in 1862 continued his medical studies in Paris. While in Paris, he began to study painting part-time at Charles Gleyres studio where he met Monet, Renoir, and Sisley. After failing his medical exams in the spring of 1864, he enrolled as a full-time student of Gleyre. Gleyre emphasized the importance or originality, and Bazille once said, Thanks to Gleyres teaching, I shall at least be able to boast that I have not copied anybody. While in Paris, Bazille became close friends with Monet, Pissarro, Renoir, Manet, and Sisley, sharing studios with Monet in 1865 and Renoir in 1866. Bazille was an ardent supporter of his friends works. In fact, when Monet was in dire financial straits, Bazille bought one of his paintings and tried to help sell others. He also took the main financial responsibility of paying the rent in his studios due to his financial background. Manet and Courbet influenced Bazilles impressionistic style paintings. He painted numerous portraits of friends and members of his family along with landscapes. His quiet clear landscapes and harmonious family scenes in muted colors made him one of the most significant representatives of Early Impressionism. Some of his best works include Family Reunion, The Terrace at Mric (Oleander), and Bazilles Studio. In August of 1870, following Frances declaration of war against Prussia, Bazille enlisted. On November 28th, Bazille was killed in a minor skirmish at Beaune-la-Rolande in Burgandy, cutting short a promising career. He was 29 years old. ...

In the past half century, the developing countries have experienced Essay

In the past half century, the developing countries have experienced major compositional shifts from exports of primary products - Essay Example Over the past half century the shift in the export strategies of the developing countries have been noticeable. The shift in the composition of exports is mainly attributed to the developments and modification of the world’s production procedures. The dependence on land and food of the developing countries were gradually replaced by the advent of new technologies that redefined the production of industries in the economy (Dijck and  Linnemann, 1987, p.39). Gradually, the trend of exports of the developing economies shifted from the primary products and agriculture based items to industrial goods produced with the use of advanced technologies. Historical developments: Compositional shift of exports in the developing countries A look at the historical developments of the developing countries reveals that the developing countries in the early part of the twentieth century consisting of China, India, etc. were dependent on land and agriculture. The land was the major source of i ncome and value of land was very high to the state. The transitional of the stages of the development of the economies and the compositional shift in the exports of the countries over the last fifty years have been described below. Initial phase of exports by developing countries The economies of the developing countries in the initial phase of the historical development were highly dependent on agriculture. It would be correct to mention that developing countries before half a century were agriculture based economies. The land was the major source of livelihood and the income of the state and the people were highly dependent on agricultural produce of the land. The developing nations at that point of time used to produce high quantities of rice, wheat, pulses and other agricultural crops. The enhanced activities on farming and the activities of farmers all over the nation formed a considerable part of the gross domestic product. In international trade, the countries had primary pro ducts and raw materials, agricultural products available in large quantities for export. The foreign exchange earnings occurred majorly through the exports of primary goods, raw materials and agricultural goods produced by the countries. The singly dominant item in the developing economies at early stages of history was food products. This trend of exports underwent a radical change in the compositional shift as the developing countries started to open up their economies in the age of liberalization. Changing trend of compositional exports of the developing countries The composition of exports of the developing countries underwent radical shift in the last half a century as the developing countries like India and China opened up their economies in the era of globalization. The advent of new technological developments brought about changes in the production process and the composition of the products produced by the economies. The developing countries in the last fifty years underwen t economic reforms and adopted policies on liberalization. This was done by attracting foreign investments in the developing countries. Investments on development of infrastructure for supporting the growth of industries were the focus areas in the later stages of historical develo

Threats to an indigenous culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Threats to an indigenous culture - Essay Example The SÃ ¡mi culture encompasses various unique activities carried out by the SÃ ¡mi people for many decades. However, this precious culture faces external threats that interfere with the core activities and beliefs carried out by the SÃ ¡mi people. The SÃ ¡mi people rely greatly on natural resources for their livelihood hence making the SÃ ¡mi culture to be associated with nature. According to the Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Sami people were initially categorized depending on the characteristic of the natural environment they occupied (1). This means that different Sami people depended on different natural resources for their livelihood depending on their location. Firstly, the Sami people living in the coast of the Arctic Ocean are categorized as the Sea SÃ ¡mi (Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 2). Due to the closer location to Arctic Ocean, the livelihood of the Sea SÃ ¡mi mainly depended on resources from the ocean. This means that the main economic activity that was associated with this category was fishing from the ocean. The second category of the SÃ ¡mi people is called the forest SÃ ¡mi. This category of SÃ ¡mi people relied heavily on hunting and gathering as th e source of their livelihood. However, it is worth noting that the SÃ ¡mi people are nomadic and relied heavily in the reindeer in addition to other resources offered by nature. Historical background of the SÃ ¡mi people provides important clues about various activities carried valued in the SÃ ¡mi culture. According to Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the SÃ ¡mi people descended from people who inhabited the Northern Fennoscandia after the ice age period (1). This indicates that the SÃ ¡mi people are the original landowners in the arctic region. In addition, the ancestry of the SÃ ¡mi people indicates that they had already adapted to the living conditions in the arctic regions. Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples further